Rhode Island

Cotton is estimated to have been grown, spun and woven into clothes in Pakistan, in the Indus River valley, 3000 years B. C. The natives of Egypt Nile valley also used cotton to make clothes at the same time. Cotton was introduced to Europe by the Arab merchant about 800 AD cotton was found growing in the Bahamas Islands in 1492, a discovery by Columbus. Cotton became known worldwide, by 1500. Cotton was first planted in 1556 in Florida and 1607 in Virginia. In 1730 cotton was first spun by use of machinery in England.This led to the industrial revolution and later invention of the cotton gin in US that paved way for the modern cotton industry. A patent of gin in 1793 was secured by a native of Massachusetts known as Eli Whitney. The machine would do the work 10 times faster than by use of hand. The gin made it possible for the later fast growing textile industry. The supply of large quantities of cotton fibre led to the growth of cotton growing in the early 1800s. Cotton had its imp ortance in late 1700s and early 1800s; the research paper will be discussing cotton’s importance then.Earlier on James Hargreaves in 1760s invented the spinning Jenny which was later improved on by Richard Arkwright (Waterwheel Spinning Frame). Springing up of textile mills and cottages for imported workers was to follow. This saw the birth of factory system with the first successful system of mass production. Others who contributed to industrial revolution in cotton production included; Fulton’s steamboat in 1807, Stephenson’s locomotive in 1825, Cyrus McCormick’s reaper in 1831, the Howe-singer sewing machine in 1854 and Sir Henry Bessemer’s converter in 1858. DiscussionCotton growing in the early 1800s led to the textile industry development. For example the invention of spinning machines led to further improvement to produce better machines to be used in the textile industry. James Hargreaves invention of spinning Jenny in 1760s resulted to fur ther improvements on the machinery. The inventions led to the industrial revolution, which led to the increased production of cotton. The textile industry grew very fast to produce cotton fibre, which were used by the people in the early 1800s. Cotton growing led to the improvements in transportation system.Coal was required as fuel and iron for the new machinery in the cotton textile manufacturing. Both coal and iron mining increased to provide raw materials for the manufacturing companies. New roads were developed to satisfy the transportation requirements. There was the development of rail roads and steamships for easy access of mines and easy supply of the material to the textile industries. Employment was created in the newly created factories. Between the years 1793-1858, invention of cotton gin, steam engine, steamboat, locomotive, sewing machine and the converter was seen.The cost of producing cotton clothing was lowered by the introduction of the new devices. This created a worldwide demand for cotton. The farm workers in the cotton farms were freed to enter into the newly created factories. This promoted employment of the people in the factories. Cotton enhanced huge amount of capital investment by the south. The south region due to increased rate of cotton manufacturing invested a lot of capital and labor in cotton growing plantations. Profits were made by big planters by use of slaves in labor.For example Mississippi in United States quickly developed an economy based on growing cotton. This led to the growth of the economy in years that followed. Development of electric power was as a result of shortage of waterpower in Mississippi. The advent of steam power later led to the development of electric power. In the given economy electric power increased efficiency and led to rapid growth of the cotton industry in other regions. The economy was able to grow very fast due to increased revenue and investment. Cotton growing led to the growth of the agri cultural economy.New species of cotton were introduced to maximize the yield. Use of slave lab our and poor payment of workers reduced the textile’s industries expenditure. High revenue was channeled back to move production of cotton. The cotton plantations continued to increase in number enhancing growth of the agricultural sector. On the other hand cotton growing promoted the use of slave labor in the plantations for example, cotton manufacturing in the south led to investment of capital and labor in cotton growing. The big plantations used slave labor. The slaves would do a lot of work without payment.Slaves were exploited by cotton manufacturing industries to provide labour in their farms. Worker’s had very poor living and social conditions. Apart from the slave labour, those who were employed in the plantations were paid very poorly. The workers could not afford to live well due to the low income they earned from the cotton farms though they continued working. Thi s influenced the later movement of people from the colonial farms to the urban areas in search of greater income and better working conditions. There was use of child labour in cotton growing.In Rhode Island, Samuel Slater in 1970 reconstructed spinning machines to establish a 72-spindle mill (first successful water-powered spinning mill in America) . Young children between 7-12 years were employed to operate machines. This left cabin and domestic weavers to weave yarn into cloth. This was referred to as â€Å"Slater or Rhode Island system’ and was later emulated by manufacturers in other states. Cotton production increase can be attributed to the inventions of machines in the textile industry, availability of cheap or slave labour and increased investment of capital and growth of the agricultural economy with time.In 1973, the south produced 10, 4510 bales of cotton, then 177,824 bales in 1810 after the invention of cotton gin. This later increased to up to 7 million bales by 1850. In conclusion, cotton had both positive and negative effects on the economy of the states where it was grown in the early 1800s. From those many years, cotton has become one of the most important textile fibre in the world. From few regions where it was grown, it has spread to many areas while technological advancements have increased its productivity. References Paul . S, Neal S, Clifford. C, Kett. F, 2008. The Enduring vision . A history of the American people

Colonization of Mexican Americans in the United States Essay

Colonization of Mexican Americans in the United States - Essay Example (p. 303) Being a major minority group, Mexican Americans are now facing different challenges coping with contemporary American society, given that the nation is still fairly divided regarding the policies on ethnic minorities and immigrants in the United States. As stated by Healy (2006), â€Å"Of all the challenges confronting the United States today, those relating to minority groups continue to be among the most urgent and the most daunting† (p. xix). In this case, this paper aims to look into the different issues faced by Mexican Americans in the United States, in the context of them being a major minority group in this ethnically-diverse country. Specifically, this paper would try to glance into the following controversial issues: the historical background of Mexican colonization in the United States; of Mexican immigration into the United States (both in â€Å"legal† and â€Å"illegal† immigrants); major socioeconomic indicators of Mexican Americans (especi ally poverty), and the conditions of Mexican culture and ethnicity in the context of a multiracial society. In order to understand better the social context of Mexican American minority groups in the United States, it is important to look at the historical context of Mexican colonization and immigration in the country. ... e of the first Mexican presidents, the former rebel general Santa Ana† actually lost it â€Å"to the United States after a two-year war that ended in 1848† (Geographia.com, 2008). This may be one reason why, even up to the present, most Americans of Hispanic descent lives in this region, and why most Mexican Americans choose to migrate in the southwestern part of the United States. One of the main motivations why dominant group Americans conquered this area in the 19th century is because they actually needed a â€Å"cheap labor force in agriculture, ranching, mining, railroad construction, and other areas of dominant group economy in the Southwest† (Healy, 2006, p. 306). Also, because of the proximity of Mexico to the United States, there was a constant population movement across the border (Healy, 2006, p. 306). It can be seen therefore that the presence of many Mexican Americans in the American southwest, as well as their continued immigration into the area, has been largely due to both historical circumstances and economic conditions as major motive factors. This would continue to the trend as Mexican legal immigration, as well as â€Å"illegal immigration† into the United States, would continue well into the present. Concerning the immigration of Mexican Americans into the United States, Healy (2006) actually argues that By and large, the policies of the federal government have responded to these (immigration) conditions and have encouraged immigration during good times and clamped down during bad times (p. 310). As described in the history of Mexican Americans in the United States, dominant groups actually had the initiative of conquering parts of Mexico in the Mexican-American War (which later became the American Southwest), and used its population to serve as

On an individual basis critically analyse the CSR strategy of Disney Assignment

On an individual basis critically analyse the CSR strategy of Disney drawing upon Husted and Allens 7-step corporate social strategy framework - Assignment Example It will also help them to design the implementation plan of the strategy. Corporate social responsibility is the initiative taken by any organisation to assess various social and environmental issues and actively participating in the betterment of the society. 7 steps of well designed strategic plan have been introduced by Husted and Allen for the proper implementation of corporate social strategy (Husted and Allen, 2010). The 7 step framework of Husted and Allen has been used to design the implementation plan of corporate social strategy of Disney. The CSR of Disney includes activities such as healthy cleaning, recycling of waste materials, providing nutrition guidelines and online safety for kids (Hopkins, 2012). Women economic empowerment is a factor that can be considered by Disney to expand their existing range of CSR activity. Economic condition of women is miserable in various parts of African and Asian countries. The locations of Disney in those countries can help them to resolve this issue. Large companies like Wal-Mart and Coca-Cola are already involved in various operations to enhance the economical position of women in the society. Government of those countries are attracting more investment from top corporate towards the solution of unemployment and poverty (Lownes-Jackson and Guy, 2012). Disney can conduct training facility for the women under poverty level of these countries to enhance their working skills. Offering employment to these women can improve the economical status of these countries. Disney needs to analyse their available resources and the capabilities of the organisation before creating any plan. The major resources of any organisation are their financial resources and physical assets. Walt Disney holds a large number of consumer franchises that caters from soft toys selling to theme parks which are established in various parts of Africa and Asia. They have

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Adjusting to Terrorism - Essay Example The U.S Department of Defense defines terrorism as the â€Å"unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives† (Levine, 2001). In the context, it is suggestive that the goal of terrorism may vary, including the possible take over of the terrorists in the administration. The September 11 attack dubbed for serious threat in humanity of the harm those terrorists able to do. Bush administration proposed doctrines in the U.S. Foreign Policy. However, the continuous social mishaps brought by terrorists in certain parts of neighboring countries deny the effectiveness of the policy, which also raised serious questions of its reliance (Eitzen and Zinn, 2004). Proposals to Combat Terrorism Through numerous filed case of terrorists’ attacks, in addressing this issue, could already lead the intellects to come up with the possible strategies and proposal for its combat. Islamic extremists is one of the many possible sources of terrorism, it is suggestive to concentrate on this substance, as to neutralize its current threat. In this type of cold war, military strength and missile shield are not the answer. Overwhelming military and economic dominance did not guarantee protection from nineteen men who hijacked four planes with plastic knives, and turned them into guided missiles (Eitezen and Zinn, 2004). Responding to the similar violent attacks would not benefit any of the fighting forces, but most like likely it will just resume to never-ending violence. In a strict strategic of terrorists, the savage response could be their anticipation to win sympathy and converts to their cause (Lewis, 2001). The most effective way to deal with terrorism is to address its root causes. Social scholars like Stanley Eitzenn and Maxine Baca Zinn, through their work Social Problems, Ninth Edition, (2004) suggested that it’s about time for

BUSINESS LAW Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BUSINESS LAW - Case Study Example Estoppel becomes applicable, only if the representation relied upon by the person claiming the benefit is unambiguous. In addition, the person claiming estoppel should undergo a detriment if there is a departure from the terms of the promise. As opined in Legione v Hateley, the party claiming estoppel should be placed in a situation wherein there would be a detriment to it, if the promise was to be broken (Gillies, 2004, p. 178). In order to deem the promise of the promisor to be consideration, it has to be proved that the promise was given or the act performed on the basis of the promisor’s request. Moreover, there should have been reliance upon the promise made by the promisor. The doctrine of promissory estoppel emerged with the decision in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd. Such existence has been subsequently confirmed in rulings made in England and Australia. This all important principle was defined in the following manner, during the ruling in Combe v Combe. Whenever, one of the parties makes to the other party a promise that has the intention of influencing the legal relations between them, and if the other party relies on this promise and acts on it, then the first party cannot revert to the prior legal relationship between them (Gillies, 2004, p. 178). Thus, promissory estoppel has an effect that is similar to a breach of promise. In instances, wherein a party convinces another party that a contract would emerge from their negotiations and subsequently fails to keep its word, the court can prevent such a party from resorting to the defense of absence of contract (Miller & Cross, 2012, p. 321).In such cases, it is deemed that a contract between these parties is in place. In order to establish promissory estoppel, the following conditions have to be proved. The presumption of a specific legal relationship between the first and second parties. The second

Spss assingment Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spss assingment - Speech or Presentation Example raw score table above, it is evident that the use of calculator results into a very high mean score of 116.60 compared to without the use of no calculator. However, in calculator use, the standard deviation of the score is 7.1 compared to 5.1 without calculator. The amount of spread is higher on using a calculator. The t-test shows that, the score with and without a calculator is statistically different at 95% level of significance with a p = .000. in this case, the comparison of the means in the best test used since mean measures centrally the whole data. The mean of the scores in not special education is 106.60 with a standard deviation of 11.62 while that for special education is 106.70 with a standard deviation of 12.74. The mean difference is not statistically different at 95% level of significance and p = .986. This shows that, special education and not special education have got almost the same score level. The mean score for the recently traumatized is 32.15 with a standard deviation of 25.87. The not recently traumatized had a smaller mean of 31.80 with a standard deviation of 24.72. The mean is the best measure of central tendency used to determine the data distribution. The standard deviation on the other hand is the best in showing the data

Nursing practices - Past, Present and Future Essay

Nursing practices - Past, Present and Future - Essay Example ppened and whether these changes are relevant and significant not just in the nursing profession itself but as well as in the health care delivery to patients. Before, nurses are deemed associated with and only secondary to physicians. The role of nurses then were limited to menial delivery of patient care such as changing bandages, changing of bed linens, providing sponge bath and procedures that are deemed around as dirty work (Casciato 2011; Kessler et al., 2012, p. 22). Today, the job role of nurses have made an impact and leaped over the years from a low profile shadowed job by a physician and emerged now as independent profession that has made a major impact in the health care industry. The utilization of nursing job roles in the industry can be seen in the presence of emerging nursing branches such as school nursing, occupational health nursing, travel nursing, home health nursing and community health nursing. This is a proof that the job roles of nurses are not just limited to the traditional hospital bedside care and extends to even broader aspect of health. Allen cited that the phenomenal changes in the nurses’ job content happened during the 1960’s. First as a result of medical science that have expanded and delegated clinical responsibilities to nurses. Second, was due to the growing numbers of chronically ill patients requiring care. True enough the job role of the nurse has expanded in response to the changing populations and the philosophical shift toward health promotion rather than illness cure (Masters, 2009, p. 176). Education can be pointed as the biggest turning point nurses had in the advancement of the career. Before, nurses are merely educated just trained. Now, nurses are more educated having Bachelor’s, Master’s and even Doctorate degrees. Education and training has made nurses equipped with even greater knowledge that made the nursing profession cope up with the technological advancement and modernization. Indeed